Welcome dear students! Today we are going to learn about Industries of Karnataka from Class 9 Social Science. Growth of industries plays an important role in the development of any state in the country. Our state has this great opportunity. Due to the presence of abundant mineral resources, raw materials, ideal climate, sufficient water, good transport system, skilled labourers, wide market and modern technology, Karnataka is famous for a variety of industries. The industries range from agriculture-based small scale industries to modern large scale industries. Sir M. Visveswaraiah’s contribution to the development of industries in Karnataka is remarkable. Believing in the motto Industrialize or perish, he laid the foundation for many industries in the state. After the hydro-electric power generation station was started at Shivanasamudra in 1902, many industries producing essential goods and products for daily use came into existence. Rice mills, tile factories, beedis and cigarettes, iron and brass foundries were established. After 1923, many modern manufacturing units like iron and steel, soap factories, cotton and silk mills, paper, cement, paint, sugar, sandal oil industries were started. In the pre-independence era itself, Mysuru province was a model state with respect to industries. The main reason for this was the interest the British and the Mysuru kings took in this matter. After independence, the industrial policy of the Central Government enabled further industrial development in the state. As a result, many more factories were established, for instance, manufacture of aeroplanes, engineering, machine tools, watches, iron and steel, aluminium, information technology, electronic and bio-technology industry. [CHECKPOINT]
Let us now study the Iron and Steel Industry. Karnataka occupies the pride of place by being the first state in South India to establish an iron and steel factory. Sir M. Visveswaraiah’s foresight enabled the first iron and steel industry to be set up at Bhadravathi in Shivamogga district in 1923. This was done so that the rich and abundant iron ore deposits in the Bababudangiri hills, also known as Inam Dattatreya Peeta, could be utilized. This factory was named as Mysuru Iron and Steel Industries Limited. Later on, it was handed over to Steel Authority of India Limited in 1989. Today it is known as Visveswaraiah Iron and Steel Industry. The iron ore necessary for this factory is supplied from Kemmannugundi, lime from Bandigudda, water from the Bhadra river and manganese from Sandur. In the beginning, firewood was used for the blast furnace. After the Sharavathi hydro power generating station was established, hydro-electricity began to be used. At present, a special variety of steel and pig iron are produced. Another important iron and steel industry of Karnataka is the private sector-owned Jindal Vijayanagar Steel Limited. It was established in 2001 at Torangal in Ballari district using the latest Corex technology. It produces iron and steel. [CHECKPOINT]
Next, we will learn about the Cotton Textile Industry. Cotton textile industry is one of the modern industries established very early in the state. It is an agro-based industry. From ancient times, weaving cloth on handlooms was in practice in Karnataka. It is practiced even now. Although cloth is produced from synthetic yarn, and foreign cotton textiles are available, Indian cotton textiles are in great demand. The modern cotton mills were established towards the end of the 19th century. Ginning and spinning mills were set up in the northern districts. The first, M.S.K. cotton mill, was set up in 1884 at Kalaburagi. Later, cotton textile factories were started in Hubballi. After 1900, big cotton textile mills were established. Among them, Binny Mills and Minerva Mills of Bengaluru, K.R. Mill of Mysuru, Cotton Mill of Davanagere were established before independence itself. After independence, cotton mills were set up in the northern maidan where cotton was widely grown. Davanagere became the state’s most important cotton textile industrial centre. It is called the Manchester of Karnataka. There are ginning and spinning mills in Hubballi, Ilkal, Guledgudda, Rabakavi, Bagalkot, Molakalmuru, Gadag-Betageri, Badami, Belagavi, Naragund, Gokak, Ballari, Hunsur, Nanjangud, Periyapattana and Chamarajnagar. [CHECKPOINT]
At present, there are many cotton mills in the state. Some cotton mills have been closed down recently. The reasons for this are shortage of cotton, obsolete machines, lack of electricity supply, increasing production costs, stiff competition from synthetic fibre cloth. In order to improve the situation in the textile industry in Karnataka, the State government has formulated a programme Suvarna Textile Policy 2008-13, and has established Finished Goods Parks in 11 districts. The purpose of this programme is to export the goods from these industries to foreign countries. Karnataka ranks second in the country with regard to export of textiles. Such parks are in Doddaballapur, Anekal, Belagavi, Mysuru and Ramanagar. [CHECKPOINT]
Now let us move on to the Sugar Industry. The sugar industry is one of Karnataka’s important large-scale industries. It is also an agro-based industry. All factors necessary for the development of this industry are favourable in the state. Sugarcane production requires humid climate, power supply, local market, transport system. This industry plays an important role in the economic development of Karnataka. Sir Francis Buchanan mentions in his writings that in the early part of the 19th century itself, sugar was produced in Palalli, also known as Ashtagrama, of Srirangapatna and Chikkaballapura. Records show that these towns were producing sugar in 1847 and had won prizes in the London Exhibition. The first modern sugar industry, Mysuru Sugar Company, also known as Mysugar, was established at Mandya in 1933. Until 1951, that was the only factory in the state. Now there are 71 sugar factories in the state. Their total annual production is 16 percent. Karnataka stands third in the production of sugar in the country. [CHECKPOINT]
The distribution of sugar industry in Karnataka is concentrated in the sugar growing areas, especially the districts in the catchment areas of the Cauvery, Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers. There are more sugar factories in Belagavi and Bagalkot districts. Mandya, Mysuru, Bidar, Vijayapura, Kalaburagi, Ballari and Davangere districts also are significant for sugar industry. Bagasse and molasses are the by-products of the sugar industry. Bagasse is used for the manufacture of paper and fuel. Molasses are used for production of alcohol. Do you know? The sugar city in Karnataka is Mandya, and the sugar district is Belgavi. [CHECKPOINT]
Let us continue with the Paper Industry. Paper is of great importance in the modern world. It is essential for education, printing, newspapers and for propagation of culture. It is a forest-based industry. Bamboo, wood pulp, grass, bagasse, cloth rags and waste are used as raw materials for the manufacture of paper. Keeping the thick forest area of Shivamogga and Chikkamagaluru in mind, the first paper mill, Mysuru Paper Mill Limited, was established in 1936 at Bhadravathi. Later a private company, West Coast Paper Mill, was started at Dandeli. Bamboo, eucalyptus tree pulp from nearby forests, water from the Kali river and electricity from Jog are supplied to this mill. There are some more paper mills at Nanjangud, Krishnarajanagar, Satyagala, Mundagod, Munirabad, Yediyur and Bengaluru. Karnataka ranks fourth in the production of paper in the country. [CHECKPOINT]
Next is the Cement Industry. Since urbanization and industrialization has increased in Karnataka, the demand for cement in construction activities has also increased. Cement is essential for constructing houses, public buildings, roads, bridges, dams. Limestone which is necessary for the establishment of cement industry, is found in abundance in Karnataka. In addition, gypsum and bauxite are also available. Only coal has to be imported from the neighbouring states. Availability of water, sand, transport, electricity supply, clay and wide market are the other factors favouring the growth of cement industry. The first cement factory in the state was established at Bhadravathi in 1939. Later, factories were set up at Bagalkot, Ammasandra of Tumakuru district and Shahabad of Kalaburagi district. Other cement producing centres are Wadi, Lokapura, Ittigehalli, Madakere, Kanchipura, Kaladagi, Kurkunta, Sedam, Chittapura, Muddapura, Ammasandra, Kudithini, Thondebavi and Kalluru. Karnataka produces large quantities of cement in the country. I want you to do a small activity: Visit a nearby factory, and study how the raw materials are obtained for the factory. This will help you understand the practical side of industrial operations. [CHECKPOINT]
Now we come to Information Technology Industries. Karnataka is an important centre of information and technology in India. Information and Technological Industries have made great progress here, since there are numerous engineering colleges, research centers, computer-based technological courses, an abundance of highly skilled manpower. Therefore many software industries have been established here. Today Karnataka occupies a very high position in India in this regard. Bengaluru City is known as the Silicon Valley, also referred to as the IT-BT City, of India. It is a leading producer and exporter of software components of computer programming. It is one of the world's top-ten major advanced Hi-tech cities. Software industry has spread to the suburbs around Bengaluru. This city alone has many Information Technology and Bio-Technology industries and provides employment for lakhs of people. Leading companies from all over the world have established their branches here. The reasons for this are good climate, electricity supply, technical experts, financial assistance, vast market and infrastructure. [CHECKPOINT]
Bengaluru has emerged as a prestigious advanced information technology centre in India. There are prestigious companies like TCS, Infosys, Wipro in Bengaluru. They have established their branches in different parts of the state. For example, Mysuru, Hubballi, Kalaburagi, Shivamogga, Mangaluru. Information Technology plays a vital role in the functioning of sectors like Banking, Transport, Administration, Medical field. Let us look at the Industrial Regions of Karnataka. Karnataka is spread over five industrial regions. They are: First, the Bengaluru, Kolar, Tumakuru Industrial region. It has the highest number of industries. Second, the Belagavi, Dharwad region. Third, the Dakshina Kannada and Udupi region. Fourth, the Ballari, Raichur, Koppal Industrial region. Fifth, the Mysuru, Mandya Industrial region. I also want you to complete another activity: Collect information about the industries of your district. Prepare a list of the different industrial units in your district. Visit a nearby industrial unit and find out what it produces. This hands-on learning will strengthen your understanding. [CHECKPOINT]
Now, dear students, let us go through the exercises to prepare for your examinations. I will read each question and provide the complete answer. Exercise One: Fill in the blanks with suitable words. Question one: The first Iron and Steel Industry of Karnataka was established at Bhadravathi. Question two: The Manchester of Karnataka is Davanagere. Question three: West coast paper mills is at Dandeli. Question four: The Tondebavi is famous for cement industry. Question five: The Bengaluru city is called Silicon Valley. Exercise Two: Answer the following questions in brief. Question six: Name the iron and steel industries of Karnataka. Answer: The iron and steel industries of Karnataka are the Visveswaraiah Iron and Steel Industry located at Bhadravathi, and the private sector-owned Jindal Vijayanagar Steel Limited located at Torangal in Ballari district. Question seven: Mention the distribution of cotton textile industries in Karnataka. Answer: The cotton textile industries are distributed in the northern maidan where cotton is widely grown. Major centres include Hubballi, Ilkal, Guledgudda, Rabakavi, Bagalkot, Molakalmuru, Gadag-Betageri, Badami, Belagavi, Naragund, Gokak, Ballari, Hunsur, Nanjangud, Periyapattana and Chamarajnagar. Davanagere is the most important centre, known as the Manchester of Karnataka. [CHECKPOINT]
Question eight: What are the raw materials required for paper industries? Answer: The raw materials required for the paper industry are bamboo, wood pulp, grass, bagasse, cloth rags and waste. Question nine: Mention the industrial zones of Karnataka. Answer: The five industrial zones of Karnataka are: the Bengaluru, Kolar, Tumakuru Industrial region; the Belagavi, Dharwad region; the Dakshina Kannada and Udupi region; the Ballari, Raichur, Koppal Industrial region; and the Mysuru, Mandya Industrial region. Question ten: Mention the reasons for centralization of information technology industry in Bengaluru? Answer: The reasons for the centralization of the information technology industry in Bengaluru are the presence of numerous engineering colleges, research centers, computer-based technological courses, an abundance of highly skilled manpower, good climate, reliable electricity supply, availability of technical experts, financial assistance, a vast market, and strong infrastructure. [CHECKPOINT]
Exercise Three: Match the following. Column A lists places and personalities, while Column B lists industries and mottos. Here are the correct matches: First, Bhadravathi matches with Mysuru Papermills Limited. Second, Torangal matches with Jindal Vijayanagar Steel Limited. Third, Sir M. Visveswaraiah matches with the motto Industrialize or perish. Fourth, Mandya matches with Mysuru Sugar Company. Please note that option d, the first Cotton textile industry of the state, is an extra option provided in the list and does not correspond to any item in Column A. Exercise Four: Activity. The activity asks you to collect information about the industries of your district. You should prepare a list of different industrial units in your district, visit a nearby industrial unit, and find out what it produces. This practical exercise is designed to help you connect textbook knowledge with real world industrial operations. We have now covered all the important topics, historical developments, industrial distributions, and exercises for this chapter. Make sure to revise the dates, names of industries, their locations, and the reasons for industrial growth in Karnataka. These are frequently asked in your examinations. Thank you for listening! Keep revising and practicing. Goodbye! [CHAPTER_COMPLETE]