Lesson 3 ·Class 10 · Genetics — Some Basic Fundamentals · Match Lab
Genes, Alleles, Genotype, Phenotype
The vocabulary every genetics question assumes.
Match each term to its meaning.
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Free play — tap an item on the left, then its partner on the right; each link tells you why. Switch to when you're ready to test yourself.
Genotype is what the genes ARE; phenotype is what you can SEE. One phenotype can hide two different genotypes — which is the whole reason a test cross exists.
What this lesson covers
Challenges to clear
- Match every term.
- Connect an allele to its meaning — the word students most often confuse with ''gene''.
The task
Match each term to its meaning.
What this lesson covers
- Gene — A unit of inheritance occupying a fixed position on a chromosome (The chromosome as a whole can neither be dominant nor recessive — only genes can.)
- Allele — One of the alternative forms of the same gene (T and t are alleles of the gene for height.)
- Genotype — The set of genes present in the cells of an organism (Tt and TT are two different genotypes.)
- Phenotype — The observable characteristics which are genetically controlled (From phene, to show. TT and Tt look identical — one phenotype, two genotypes.)
- Homozygous — Both alleles of a pair are the same (Homo means similar. TT and tt are both homozygous.)
- Heterozygous — The two alleles of a pair are different (Hetero means different — Tt. Also called a hybrid.)
- Dominant allele — Expresses itself even when only one copy is present (The book calls it the superruling character.)
- Recessive allele — Expresses only when both alleles of the pair are recessive (Subordinate or submissive — it needs the homozygous recessive condition.)
- F₁ generation — The first filial generation — offspring of the parent cross (Filial, from filius, meaning son.)
- F₂ generation — Obtained by crossing the F₁ individuals among themselves (This is where the 3:1 ratio appears.)
Hint
Genotype is what the genes ARE; phenotype is what you can SEE. One phenotype can hide two different genotypes — which is the whole reason a test cross exists.